腦小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞*來源于卵黃囊巨噬細(xì)胞；因此，在穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)下，它們的功能可以直接歸因于這個譜系。出生后，小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞數(shù)量的大量擴增*是通過 M-CSF 和 CX3CR1 配體 IL-34 的原位增殖驅(qū)動的，而無需單核細(xì)胞輸入 [1-4]。常駐小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞在調(diào)節(jié)突觸發(fā)育方面具有關(guān)鍵的穩(wěn)態(tài)功能。與胚胎一樣，小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞在出生后保留其改變神經(jīng)元回路的能力，除了吞噬凋亡神經(jīng)元 [5] 外，它們通過吞噬神經(jīng)元突觸對突觸修剪至關(guān)重要 - 這些活動對于大腦健康發(fā)育是必需的.重要的是，小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞通過小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞過程的擴展與突觸前和突觸后部位的神經(jīng)元動態(tài)相互作用，其中長時間接觸會導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)元消除[6]。 CX3CR1 的表達(dá)對于控制小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞數(shù)量、突觸修剪和功能性大腦連接至關(guān)重要，這由 Cx3cr1 缺陷小鼠研究確定 [7]。
如何研究腦小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的功能？一個強有力的工具就是清除腦小膠質(zhì)巨噬細(xì)胞。靶點科技庫存大量LIPOSOMA的ClodronateLiposomes氯膦酸二鈉脂質(zhì)體。作為授權(quán)的中國Exclusive Distributor，無論從產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量還是技術(shù)支持，都能給予從理論到實踐的賦能。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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2. Wang Y, Szretter K, Vermi W, Gilfillan S, Rossini C, Cella M, et al. IL-34 is a tissue-restricted ligand of CSF1R required for the development of Langerhans cells and microglia. Nat Immunol. 2012;13:753-60
3. Ginhoux F, Greter M, Leboeuf M, Nandi S, See P, Gokhan S, et al. Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive from primitive macrophages. Science. 2010;330:841-5
4. Ajami B, Bennett J, Krieger C, Tetzlaff W, Rossi F. Local self-renewal can sustain CNS microglia maintenance and function throughout adult life. Nat Neurosci. 2007;10:1538-43
5. Paolicelli R, Bolasco G, Pagani F, Maggi L, Scianni M, Panzanelli P, et al. Synaptic pruning by microglia is necessary for normal brain development. Science. 2011;333:1456-8
6. Miyamoto A, Wake H, Moorhouse A, Nabekura J. Microglia and synapse interactions: fine tuning neural circuits and candidate molecules. Front Cell Neurosci. 2013;7:70
7. Zhan Y, Paolicelli R, Sforazzini F, Weinhard L, Bolasco G, Pagani F, et al. Deficient neuron-microglia signaling results in impaired functional brain connectivity and social behavior. Nat Neurosci. 2014;17:400-6
